Pharmacology
Explore hormones, medicines and investigational compounds with attention to mechanisms, the quality of evidence and possible adverse effects.
Testosterone enanthate and cardiovascular health
How testosterone enanthate affects cholesterol, blood pressure and hematocrit, and why cardiovascular risk must be assessed in context.
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Trenbolone acetate: history and medical use
From laboratory development to veterinary implants: the history of trenbolone acetate and its distinction from historical human formulations.
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Methandienone side effects: an overview of risks
A structured overview of methandienone risks involving the liver, cardiovascular system, hormone production, fertility, skin and mental health.
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Methenolone acetate: receptors and protein synthesis
How methenolone interacts with androgen receptors, influences gene transcription and differs from testosterone in metabolism and activity.
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Tesamorelin: WADA classification and legal status
Understand tesamorelin’s anti-doping classification, the distinction between medical approval and sport rules, and therapeutic use exemptions.
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Insulin: its mechanism and effects on the body
Insulin signalling explained: glucose transport, glycogen storage, protein metabolism, potassium balance and the development of insulin resistance.
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Semaglutide in sport: expectations and reality
Appetite control, body composition and energy availability: why expectations about semaglutide in sport must be compared with clinical evidence.
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Finasteride: contraindications and interactions
Key contraindications, pregnancy-related handling precautions, potential interactions and clinical considerations associated with finasteride.
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S23 and the liver: what is known about risk
What can and cannot be inferred about S23 liver risks from research on SARMs, reported injury patterns and the uncertainty of unregulated products.
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Ibutamoren and growth hormone: key differences
Compare stimulation of growth hormone release with hormone replacement, including mechanisms, clinical research, adverse effects and regulatory context.
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